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tests workflow (pypa/setuptools)

The tests workflow from pypa/setuptools, explained and optimized by Latchkey.

Source: pypa/setuptools.github/workflows/main.ymlLicense MITView source
C
CI health grade
56/100
Health score
7
Jobs per trigger
3
Fixes in the optimized version

In short

  1. CI health: C (fair)
  2. The optimized version below points runs-on at Latchkey managed runners and adds caching and job timeouts.

What it does

This is the tests workflow from the pypa/setuptools repository, a real project running GitHub Actions. It is shown here with attribution under its MIT license.

Below, Latchkey shows a faster, safer version produced by its optimization engine.

The workflow

workflow (.yml)
name: tests

on:
  merge_group:
  push:
    branches-ignore:
    # temporary GH branches relating to merge queues (jaraco/skeleton#93)
    - gh-readonly-queue/**
    tags:
    # required if branches-ignore is supplied (jaraco/skeleton#103)
    - '**'
  pull_request:
  workflow_dispatch:

concurrency:
  group: >-
    ${{ github.workflow }}-
    ${{ github.ref_type }}-
    ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.sha }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

permissions:
  contents: read

env:
  # Environment variable to support color support (jaraco/skeleton#66)
  FORCE_COLOR: 1

  # Suppress noisy pip warnings
  PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK: 'true'
  PIP_NO_WARN_SCRIPT_LOCATION: 'true'

  # Ensure tests can sense settings about the environment
  TOX_OVERRIDE: >-
    testenv.pass_env+=GITHUB_*,FORCE_COLOR


jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      # https://blog.jaraco.com/efficient-use-of-ci-resources/
      matrix:
        python:
        - "3.10"
        - "3.14"
        - "3.14t"
        platform:
        - ubuntu-latest
        - macos-latest
        - windows-latest
        include:
        - python: "3.11"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.12"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.13"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        # Disabled: cffi (required by PyNaCl) doesn't support free-threaded CPython 3.13t.
        # - python: "3.13t"
        #   platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.15"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: pypy3.11
          platform: ubuntu-latest
          distutils: stdlib
        - platform: ubuntu-latest
          python: "3.10"
          distutils: stdlib
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.python == '3.15' || matrix.python == 'pypy3.11' }}
    # XXX: pypy seems to be flaky with unrelated tests in #6345
    env:
      SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS: ${{ matrix.distutils || 'local' }}
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install build dependencies
        # Install dependencies for building packages on pre-release Pythons
        # jaraco/skeleton#161
        if: matrix.python == '3.15' && matrix.platform == 'ubuntu-latest'
        run: |
          sudo apt update
          sudo apt install -y libxml2-dev libxslt-dev
      - name: Setup Python
        id: python-install
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
          allow-prereleases: true
        # Workaround for actions/setup-python#981 on macos
        # Workaround for https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/5143 on windows
        # (env var only modified for this specific step)
        env:
          SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS: >-
            ${{
              (
                ( matrix.platform == 'macos-latest' || matrix.platform == 'windows-latest' )
                && matrix.python == '3.9'
                && 'stdlib'
              )
              || matrix.distutils
              || 'local'
            }}
      - uses: actions/cache@v4
        id: cache
        with:
          path: setuptools/tests/config/downloads/*.cfg
          key: >-
            ${{ hashFiles('setuptools/tests/config/setupcfg_examples.txt') }}-
            ${{ hashFiles('setuptools/tests/config/downloads/*.py') }}
      - name: Populate download cache
        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        working-directory: setuptools/tests/config
        run: python -m downloads.preload setupcfg_examples.txt
      - name: Adjust env vars
        shell: bash
        run: |
          echo 'PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON=${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-path }}' >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Pre-build distributions for test
        shell: bash
        run: |
          rm -rf dist
          # workaround for pypa/setuptools#4333
          pipx run --pip-args 'pyproject-hooks!=1.1' build
          echo "PRE_BUILT_SETUPTOOLS_SDIST=$(ls dist/*.tar.gz)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "PRE_BUILT_SETUPTOOLS_WHEEL=$(ls dist/*.whl)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          rm -rf setuptools.egg-info  # Avoid interfering with the other tests
      - name: Workaround for unreleased PyNaCl (pyca/pynacl#805)
        if: contains(matrix.python, 'pypy')
        run: echo "SETUPTOOLS_ENFORCE_DEPRECATION=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run
        run: tox
      - name: Create coverage report
        if: hashFiles('.coverage') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        run: pipx run coverage xml --ignore-errors
      - name: Publish coverage
        if: hashFiles('coverage.xml') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          flags: >-  # Mark which lines are covered by which envs
            CI-GHA,
            ${{ github.job }},
            OS-${{ runner.os }},
            VM-${{ matrix.platform }},
            Py-${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-version }}
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

  collateral:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
        - diffcov
        - docs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: 3.x
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Eval ${{ matrix.job }}
        run: tox -e ${{ matrix.job }}

  check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
    if: always()

    needs:
    - check-changed-folders
    - integration-test
    - test
    - collateral
    - test_cygwin

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
      uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
      with:
        allowed-skips: check-changed-folders, integration-test
        jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

  test_cygwin:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        python:
        - 312
        platform:
        - windows-latest
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install Cygwin with Python
        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
        with:
          platform: x86_64
          packages: >-
            python${{ matrix.python }},
            python${{ matrix.python }}-devel,
            python${{ matrix.python }}-pip,
            gcc-core,
            git,
      - name: Record the currently selected Python version
        id: python-install
        # NOTE: This roughly emulates what `actions/setup-python` provides
        # NOTE: except the action gets the version from the installation path
        # NOTE: on disk and we get it from runtime.
        run: |
          python -c 'import platform; print("python-version=" + platform.python_version())' >> ${GITHUB_OUTPUT}
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
      - name: Install tox using pip
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
        run: |
          # Workaround for https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4831
          python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run tests
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
        run: |
          git config --global --add safe.directory "$(cygpath -u "${{ github.workspace }}")" # workaround for #3408
          echo "$(cygpath -u "${{ github.workspace }}")" # for debugging purposes
          python -m tox
      - name: Create coverage report
        if: hashFiles('.coverage') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        run: |
          python -m pip install coverage
          python -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
      - name: Publish coverage
        if: hashFiles('coverage.xml') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          flags: >-  # Mark which lines are covered by which envs
            CI-GHA,
            ${{ github.job }},
            OS-${{ runner.os }},
            VM-${{ matrix.platform }},
            Py-${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-version }}
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

  check-changed-folders:
    name: Fail the job if files changed under _disutils/_vendor folders
    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Check if files changed in the _distutils folder
        id: changed-files-specific-distutils
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
        with:
          files: |
            setuptools/_distutils/**
      - name: Check if files changed in the _vendor folder
        id: changed-files-specific-vendor
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
        with:
          files: |
            setuptools/_vendor/**
      - name: Fail the job if any file(s) in the _distutils folder change
        if: steps.changed-files-specific-distutils.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
        run: |
          echo "One or more files in the setuptools/_distutils folder has changed." | tee "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
          exit 1      
      - name: Fail the job if any file(s) in the _vendor folder change
        if: steps.changed-files-specific-vendor.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
        run: |
          echo "One or more files in the setuptools/_vendor folder has changed." | tee "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
          exit 1 

  integration-test:
    needs: test
    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'push' && contains(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
    # To avoid long times and high resource usage, we assume that:
    # 1. The setuptools APIs used by packages don't vary too much with OS or
    #    Python implementation
    # 2. Any circumstance for which the previous assumption is not valid is
    #    already tested via unit tests (or other tests not classified here as
    #    "integration")
    # With that in mind, the integration tests can run for a single setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install OS-level dependencies
        run: |
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install build-essential gfortran libopenblas-dev libyaml-dev
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          # Use a release that is not very new but still have a long life:
          python-version: "3.10"
      - name: Install tox
        run: |
          python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run integration tests
        run: tox -e integration

  release:
    permissions:
      contents: write
    needs:
    - check
    if: >-  # `always()` prevents auto-cancellation when previous steps are skipped (#5151):
      always()
      && needs.check.result == 'success'
      && github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_type == 'tag'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: 3.x
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run
        run: tox -e release
        env:
          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

The same workflow, on Latchkey

Estimated ~20% faster on cache hits, plus fewer wasted runs and a safer supply chain. Added and changed lines are highlighted.

workflow (.yml), optimized
name: tests

on:
  merge_group:
  push:
    branches-ignore:
    # temporary GH branches relating to merge queues (jaraco/skeleton#93)
    - gh-readonly-queue/**
    tags:
    # required if branches-ignore is supplied (jaraco/skeleton#103)
    - '**'
  pull_request:
  workflow_dispatch:

concurrency:
  group: >-
    ${{ github.workflow }}-
    ${{ github.ref_type }}-
    ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.sha }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

permissions:
  contents: read

env:
  # Environment variable to support color support (jaraco/skeleton#66)
  FORCE_COLOR: 1

  # Suppress noisy pip warnings
  PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK: 'true'
  PIP_NO_WARN_SCRIPT_LOCATION: 'true'

  # Ensure tests can sense settings about the environment
  TOX_OVERRIDE: >-
    testenv.pass_env+=GITHUB_*,FORCE_COLOR


jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      # https://blog.jaraco.com/efficient-use-of-ci-resources/
      matrix:
        python:
        - "3.10"
        - "3.14"
        - "3.14t"
        platform:
        - ubuntu-latest
        - macos-latest
        - windows-latest
        include:
        - python: "3.11"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.12"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.13"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        # Disabled: cffi (required by PyNaCl) doesn't support free-threaded CPython 3.13t.
        # - python: "3.13t"
        #   platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: "3.15"
          platform: ubuntu-latest
        - python: pypy3.11
          platform: ubuntu-latest
          distutils: stdlib
        - platform: ubuntu-latest
          python: "3.10"
          distutils: stdlib
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.python == '3.15' || matrix.python == 'pypy3.11' }}
    # XXX: pypy seems to be flaky with unrelated tests in #6345
    env:
      SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS: ${{ matrix.distutils || 'local' }}
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install build dependencies
        # Install dependencies for building packages on pre-release Pythons
        # jaraco/skeleton#161
        if: matrix.python == '3.15' && matrix.platform == 'ubuntu-latest'
        run: |
          sudo apt update
          sudo apt install -y libxml2-dev libxslt-dev
      - name: Setup Python
        id: python-install
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          cache: 'pip'
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
          allow-prereleases: true
        # Workaround for actions/setup-python#981 on macos
        # Workaround for https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/5143 on windows
        # (env var only modified for this specific step)
        env:
          SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS: >-
            ${{
              (
                ( matrix.platform == 'macos-latest' || matrix.platform == 'windows-latest' )
                && matrix.python == '3.9'
                && 'stdlib'
              )
              || matrix.distutils
              || 'local'
            }}
      - uses: actions/cache@v4
        id: cache
        with:
          path: setuptools/tests/config/downloads/*.cfg
          key: >-
            ${{ hashFiles('setuptools/tests/config/setupcfg_examples.txt') }}-
            ${{ hashFiles('setuptools/tests/config/downloads/*.py') }}
      - name: Populate download cache
        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        working-directory: setuptools/tests/config
        run: python -m downloads.preload setupcfg_examples.txt
      - name: Adjust env vars
        shell: bash
        run: |
          echo 'PIPX_DEFAULT_PYTHON=${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-path }}' >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Pre-build distributions for test
        shell: bash
        run: |
          rm -rf dist
          # workaround for pypa/setuptools#4333
          pipx run --pip-args 'pyproject-hooks!=1.1' build
          echo "PRE_BUILT_SETUPTOOLS_SDIST=$(ls dist/*.tar.gz)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "PRE_BUILT_SETUPTOOLS_WHEEL=$(ls dist/*.whl)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          rm -rf setuptools.egg-info  # Avoid interfering with the other tests
      - name: Workaround for unreleased PyNaCl (pyca/pynacl#805)
        if: contains(matrix.python, 'pypy')
        run: echo "SETUPTOOLS_ENFORCE_DEPRECATION=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run
        run: tox
      - name: Create coverage report
        if: hashFiles('.coverage') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        run: pipx run coverage xml --ignore-errors
      - name: Publish coverage
        if: hashFiles('coverage.xml') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          flags: >-  # Mark which lines are covered by which envs
            CI-GHA,
            ${{ github.job }},
            OS-${{ runner.os }},
            VM-${{ matrix.platform }},
            Py-${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-version }}
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

  collateral:
    timeout-minutes: 30
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        job:
        - diffcov
        - docs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: latchkey-small
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          cache: 'pip'
          python-version: 3.x
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Eval ${{ matrix.job }}
        run: tox -e ${{ matrix.job }}

  check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
    timeout-minutes: 30
    if: always()

    needs:
    - check-changed-folders
    - integration-test
    - test
    - collateral
    - test_cygwin

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: latchkey-small

    steps:
    - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
      uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
      with:
        allowed-skips: check-changed-folders, integration-test
        jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

  test_cygwin:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        python:
        - 312
        platform:
        - windows-latest
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install Cygwin with Python
        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
        with:
          platform: x86_64
          packages: >-
            python${{ matrix.python }},
            python${{ matrix.python }}-devel,
            python${{ matrix.python }}-pip,
            gcc-core,
            git,
      - name: Record the currently selected Python version
        id: python-install
        # NOTE: This roughly emulates what `actions/setup-python` provides
        # NOTE: except the action gets the version from the installation path
        # NOTE: on disk and we get it from runtime.
        run: |
          python -c 'import platform; print("python-version=" + platform.python_version())' >> ${GITHUB_OUTPUT}
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
      - name: Install tox using pip
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
        run: |
          # Workaround for https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4831
          python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run tests
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
        run: |
          git config --global --add safe.directory "$(cygpath -u "${{ github.workspace }}")" # workaround for #3408
          echo "$(cygpath -u "${{ github.workspace }}")" # for debugging purposes
          python -m tox
      - name: Create coverage report
        if: hashFiles('.coverage') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        run: |
          python -m pip install coverage
          python -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
        shell: C:\cygwin\bin\env.exe CYGWIN_NOWINPATH=1 CHERE_INVOKING=1 C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe -leo pipefail -o igncr {0}
      - name: Publish coverage
        if: hashFiles('coverage.xml') != ''  # Rudimentary `file.exists()`
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          flags: >-  # Mark which lines are covered by which envs
            CI-GHA,
            ${{ github.job }},
            OS-${{ runner.os }},
            VM-${{ matrix.platform }},
            Py-${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-version }}
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

  check-changed-folders:
    timeout-minutes: 30
    name: Fail the job if files changed under _disutils/_vendor folders
    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: latchkey-small
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Check if files changed in the _distutils folder
        id: changed-files-specific-distutils
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
        with:
          files: |
            setuptools/_distutils/**
      - name: Check if files changed in the _vendor folder
        id: changed-files-specific-vendor
        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v46
        with:
          files: |
            setuptools/_vendor/**
      - name: Fail the job if any file(s) in the _distutils folder change
        if: steps.changed-files-specific-distutils.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
        run: |
          echo "One or more files in the setuptools/_distutils folder has changed." | tee "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
          exit 1      
      - name: Fail the job if any file(s) in the _vendor folder change
        if: steps.changed-files-specific-vendor.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
        run: |
          echo "One or more files in the setuptools/_vendor folder has changed." | tee "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
          exit 1 

  integration-test:
    needs: test
    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'push' && contains(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
    # To avoid long times and high resource usage, we assume that:
    # 1. The setuptools APIs used by packages don't vary too much with OS or
    #    Python implementation
    # 2. Any circumstance for which the previous assumption is not valid is
    #    already tested via unit tests (or other tests not classified here as
    #    "integration")
    # With that in mind, the integration tests can run for a single setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: latchkey-small
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install OS-level dependencies
        run: |
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install build-essential gfortran libopenblas-dev libyaml-dev
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          cache: 'pip'
          # Use a release that is not very new but still have a long life:
          python-version: "3.10"
      - name: Install tox
        run: |
          python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run integration tests
        run: tox -e integration

  release:
    permissions:
      contents: write
    needs:
    - check
    if: >-  # `always()` prevents auto-cancellation when previous steps are skipped (#5151):
      always()
      && needs.check.result == 'success'
      && github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_type == 'tag'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    runs-on: latchkey-small
    timeout-minutes: 75
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          cache: 'pip'
          python-version: 3.x
      - name: Install tox
        run: python -m pip install tox
      - name: Run
        run: tox -e release
        env:
          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

What changed

  1. Run on Latchkey managed runners with one line (runs-on), which apply the fixes below automatically and self-heal transient failures. Each Linux x64 job moves to the Latchkey size matching its vCPU count, latchkey-small for a standard 2 vCPU runner; macOS, Windows and arm64 jobs stay as written.
  2. Cache dependency installs on the setup step so they are served from cache.
  3. Add a job timeout so a hung step cannot burn hours of runner time.

Left runs-on as written on the test job: matrix.platform mixes Linux with macOS and Windows, which Latchkey does not run. Point only the Linux legs at Latchkey, for example with a matrix include entry that sets the runner.

4 third-party actions are referenced by a movable tag. Pin them to the commit SHA (Latchkey resolves and applies this automatically) so a repointed tag cannot change what runs.

What Latchkey heals here

This workflow has steps that commonly fail on transient issues (network, registries, flaky browsers). On Latchkey managed runners they are detected, retried, and self-healed instead of failing your build:

  • Dependency installs

This workflow runs 7 jobs (16 with the matrix expanded) per trigger. 9 of the 16 run on a standard GitHub-hosted Linux x64 runner, which in a private repository bills $0.006 a minute against $0.0025 on latchkey-small, 58% lower; in a public repository like this one they are free. 7 of the 16 run on macOS and Windows, which Latchkey does not offer, so those stay where they are. Estimate the monthly difference with your own run counts.

Actions used in this workflow

  • actions/checkout
  • actions/setup-python
  • actions/cache
  • codecov/codecov-action
  • re-actors/alls-green
  • cygwin/cygwin-install-action
  • tj-actions/changed-files

Frequently asked questions

What does the tests workflow (pypa/setuptools) workflow do?
This is the tests workflow from the pypa/setuptools repository, a real project running GitHub Actions. It is shown here with attribution under its MIT license.
What CI health grade does this workflow get?
This Python workflow grades C. Paste your own workflow into the Latchkey grader to see its grade and the exact fixes.
How can I improve this Python workflow?
Add caching and job timeouts. Latchkey applies these automatically on managed runners when you point runs-on at Latchkey.

References