Skip to content
Latchkey

Build workflow (anyoptimization/pymoo)

The Build workflow from anyoptimization/pymoo, explained and optimized by Latchkey.

C

CI health: C - fair

Point runs-on at Latchkey and get caching, job timeouts, SHA-pinned actions, self-healing for flaky steps, and up to 58% lower cost, applied automatically.

Grade your own workflow free or run it on Latchkey →
Source: anyoptimization/pymoo.github/workflows/build.ymlLicense Apache-2.0View source

What it does

This is the Build workflow from the anyoptimization/pymoo repository, a real project running GitHub Actions. It is shown here with attribution under its Apache-2.0 license.

Below, Latchkey shows a faster, safer version produced by its optimization engine.

The workflow

workflow (.yml)
name: Build

on:
    pull_request:
        types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled]
    push:
        branches: [deploy]
        # Only semver-shaped tags (e.g. 0.6.3, 0.6.3.dev1) can trigger a publish -
        # a stray tag like `latest` or a typo no longer reaches PyPI. (P-2)
        tags: ["*.*.*"]
    workflow_dispatch:


concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true


jobs:
    check_approval:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        outputs:
            should_build: ${{ steps.check.outputs.should_build }}
        steps:
            - name: Check if build should run
              id: check
              run: |
                  if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "push" ]]; then
                      # Always build on push to deploy branch or tags
                      echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]]; then
                      # Always build on manual trigger
                      echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
                      # Check for approval label on PRs
                      if [[ "${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'build-approved') }}" == "true" ]]; then
                          echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                      else
                          echo "should_build=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                      fi
                  else
                      echo "should_build=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  fi

    build_wheels:
        name: Build wheel for ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build }}${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        needs: check_approval
        if: needs.check_approval.outputs.should_build == 'true'
        strategy:
            # Ensure that a wheel builder finishes even if another fails
            fail-fast: false
            matrix:
                os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, macos-latest]
                python: [310, 311, 312, 313, 314]
                arch: [auto64, universal2]
                build: ["cp"]
                exclude:
                    - os: ubuntu-latest
                      arch: universal2
                    - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
                      arch: universal2
                    - os: windows-latest
                      arch: universal2
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
            - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2
              env:
                CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "build[uv]"
                CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.build }}${{ matrix.python }}*"
                CIBW_SKIP: "*t-*"
                CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.arch }}
                CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >
                  uv run python -c "import sys; import pymoo; print(pymoo); from pymoo.functions import is_compiled; sys.exit(0 if is_compiled() else 42)"

            - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: "artifact-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build }}-${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
                  path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

    build_sdist:
        name: Build source distribution
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        needs: check_approval
        if: needs.check_approval.outputs.should_build == 'true'
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
            - run: uv build --sdist
            - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: artifact-source
                  path: dist/*.tar.gz

    merge:
      name: Merge sdist and wheel artifacts
      needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
      steps:
        - uses: actions/upload-artifact/merge@v4
          with:
            name: pymoo
            delete-merged: true

    publish_testpypi:
        name: Publish to TestPyPI (dry-run)
        # Manual "Run workflow" button only - a safe dry-run target.
        needs: merge
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        environment:
            name: testpypi
            url: https://test.pypi.org/p/pymoo
        permissions:
            id-token: write   # required for PyPI Trusted Publishing (OIDC)
        steps:
            - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: pymoo
                  path: dist
            - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
              with:
                  repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
                  skip-existing: true

    verify_version:
        name: Tag matches version.py
        # Guard against tag/version drift before anything is published. (P-2)
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
              with:
                  python-version: '3.12'
            - name: Assert git tag == pymoo.version.__version__
              run: |
                  TAG="${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
                  # read version.py in isolation (no full-package import / compiled ext)
                  VER=$(python -c "import runpy; print(runpy.run_path('pymoo/version.py')['__version__'])")
                  echo "tag=$TAG  version.py=$VER"
                  if [ "$TAG" != "$VER" ]; then
                    echo "::error::Tag '$TAG' != version.py '$VER' - bump version.py or fix the tag before publishing."
                    exit 1
                  fi

    release_gate:
        name: Release smoke (fast tests + golden)
        # A quick correctness gate on the tagged commit before publishing. The full
        # OS×Python matrix runs in nightly.yml; this is the cheap pre-publish check.
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
              with:
                  python-version: '3.12'
                  cache: pip
            - name: Install pymoo (compiled) + deps
              run: |
                  pip install --upgrade pip "setuptools>=77" "Cython>=0.29" "numpy>=2.0.0"
                  pip install -e .
                  python setup.py build_ext --inplace
                  pip install -r tests/requirements.txt
                  pip install pyclawd pytest-xdist
            - name: Compiled extensions present
              run: python -c "from pymoo.functions import is_compiled; import sys; print('compiled:', is_compiled()); sys.exit(0 if is_compiled() else 1)"
            - name: Fast unit tier + golden
              run: |
                  pytest -n auto -m "not long and not slow and not examples and not docs and not golden"
                  pytest -m golden

    publish_pypi:
        name: Publish to PyPI
        # Real release only - runs when a version tag (e.g. 0.6.2) is pushed,
        # AND the tag matches version.py AND the release smoke gate passed.
        needs: [merge, verify_version, release_gate]
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        environment:
            name: pypi
            url: https://pypi.org/p/pymoo
        permissions:
            id-token: write   # required for PyPI Trusted Publishing (OIDC)
        steps:
            - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: pymoo
                  path: dist
            - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

The same workflow, on Latchkey

Estimated ~20% faster on cache hits, plus fewer wasted runs and a safer supply chain. Added and changed lines are highlighted.

name: Build
 
on:
    pull_request:
        types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled]
    push:
        branches: [deploy]
        # Only semver-shaped tags (e.g. 0.6.3, 0.6.3.dev1) can trigger a publish -
        # a stray tag like `latest` or a typo no longer reaches PyPI. (P-2)
        tags: ["*.*.*"]
    workflow_dispatch:
 
 
concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
 
 
jobs:
    check_approval:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        outputs:
            should_build: ${{ steps.check.outputs.should_build }}
        steps:
            - name: Check if build should run
              id: check
              run: |
                  if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "push" ]]; then
                      # Always build on push to deploy branch or tags
                      echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]]; then
                      # Always build on manual trigger
                      echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
                      # Check for approval label on PRs
                      if [[ "${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'build-approved') }}" == "true" ]]; then
                          echo "should_build=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                      else
                          echo "should_build=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                      fi
                  else
                      echo "should_build=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
                  fi
 
    build_wheels:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Build wheel for ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build }}${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        needs: check_approval
        if: needs.check_approval.outputs.should_build == 'true'
        strategy:
            # Ensure that a wheel builder finishes even if another fails
            fail-fast: false
            matrix:
                os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, macos-latest]
                python: [310, 311, 312, 313, 314]
                arch: [auto64, universal2]
                build: ["cp"]
                exclude:
                    - os: ubuntu-latest
                      arch: universal2
                    - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
                      arch: universal2
                    - os: windows-latest
                      arch: universal2
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
            - uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2
              env:
                CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "build[uv]"
                CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.build }}${{ matrix.python }}*"
                CIBW_SKIP: "*t-*"
                CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.arch }}
                CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >
                  uv run python -c "import sys; import pymoo; print(pymoo); from pymoo.functions import is_compiled; sys.exit(0 if is_compiled() else 42)"
 
            - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: "artifact-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build }}-${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
                  path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
    build_sdist:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Build source distribution
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        needs: check_approval
        if: needs.check_approval.outputs.should_build == 'true'
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
            - run: uv build --sdist
            - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: artifact-source
                  path: dist/*.tar.gz
 
    merge:
        timeout-minutes: 30
      name: Merge sdist and wheel artifacts
      needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
      runs-on: latchkey-small
      steps:
        - uses: actions/upload-artifact/merge@v4
          with:
            name: pymoo
            delete-merged: true
 
    publish_testpypi:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Publish to TestPyPI (dry-run)
        # Manual "Run workflow" button only - a safe dry-run target.
        needs: merge
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        environment:
            name: testpypi
            url: https://test.pypi.org/p/pymoo
        permissions:
            id-token: write   # required for PyPI Trusted Publishing (OIDC)
        steps:
            - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: pymoo
                  path: dist
            - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
              with:
                  repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
                  skip-existing: true
 
    verify_version:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Tag matches version.py
        # Guard against tag/version drift before anything is published. (P-2)
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
              with:
                  cache: 'pip'
                  python-version: '3.12'
            - name: Assert git tag == pymoo.version.__version__
              run: |
                  TAG="${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
                  # read version.py in isolation (no full-package import / compiled ext)
                  VER=$(python -c "import runpy; print(runpy.run_path('pymoo/version.py')['__version__'])")
                  echo "tag=$TAG  version.py=$VER"
                  if [ "$TAG" != "$VER" ]; then
                    echo "::error::Tag '$TAG' != version.py '$VER' - bump version.py or fix the tag before publishing."
                    exit 1
                  fi
 
    release_gate:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Release smoke (fast tests + golden)
        # A quick correctness gate on the tagged commit before publishing. The full
        # OS×Python matrix runs in nightly.yml; this is the cheap pre-publish check.
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
            - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
              with:
                  python-version: '3.12'
                  cache: pip
            - name: Install pymoo (compiled) + deps
              run: |
                  pip install --upgrade pip "setuptools>=77" "Cython>=0.29" "numpy>=2.0.0"
                  pip install -e .
                  python setup.py build_ext --inplace
                  pip install -r tests/requirements.txt
                  pip install pyclawd pytest-xdist
            - name: Compiled extensions present
              run: python -c "from pymoo.functions import is_compiled; import sys; print('compiled:', is_compiled()); sys.exit(0 if is_compiled() else 1)"
            - name: Fast unit tier + golden
              run: |
                  pytest -n auto -m "not long and not slow and not examples and not docs and not golden"
                  pytest -m golden
 
    publish_pypi:
        timeout-minutes: 30
        name: Publish to PyPI
        # Real release only - runs when a version tag (e.g. 0.6.2) is pushed,
        # AND the tag matches version.py AND the release smoke gate passed.
        needs: [merge, verify_version, release_gate]
        runs-on: latchkey-small
        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
        environment:
            name: pypi
            url: https://pypi.org/p/pymoo
        permissions:
            id-token: write   # required for PyPI Trusted Publishing (OIDC)
        steps:
            - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
              with:
                  name: pymoo
                  path: dist
            - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
 
 

What changed

3 third-party actions are referenced by a movable tag. Pin them to the commit SHA (Latchkey resolves and applies this automatically) so a repointed tag cannot change what runs.

What Latchkey heals here

This workflow has steps that commonly fail on transient issues (network, registries, flaky browsers). On Latchkey managed runners they are detected, retried, and self-healed instead of failing your build:

This workflow runs 8 jobs (47 with the matrix expanded) per trigger. On Latchkey the same minutes cost up to 58% less than GitHub-hosted, with zero queue time.

Actions used in this workflow